Protecting Victims of Human Trafficking and Online Exploitation

House Judiciary Bill MarkupsHouse Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime and Federal Government Surveillance · 2025-02-27 · 119th Congress
The House Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime and Federal Government Surveillance held its first hearing of the 119th Congress on human trafficking and online exploitation, examining pending bills such as the Trafficking Survivors Relief Act, the Gracie Act, and the Restoring Hope Act, alongside the impact of a Trump administration funding freeze on anti-trafficking service providers. Begins at 0:17:23
Transcript
Highlights

Title

Federal funding, sex trafficking legislation, and online exploitation of children

Purpose

The House Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime and Federal Government Surveillance held its first hearing of the 119th Congress on human trafficking and online exploitation, examining pending bills such as the Trafficking Survivors Relief Act, the Gracie Act, and the Restoring Hope Act, alongside the impact of a Trump administration funding freeze on anti-trafficking service providers. Four witnesses — a survivor-advocate, a legal expert, a child-exploitation policy expert, and an interparliamentary trafficking taskforce founder — testified about victim criminalization, unidentified child sexual abuse material victims, and federal grant disruptions. Members also sparred over decriminalization of sex work, border security, and the Jeffrey Epstein and Andrew/Tristan Tate cases. Begins at0:17:23

Who spoke

Chairman Andy Biggs (R-AZ)0:17:23: Opened the hearing, noted the subcommittee passed two trafficking bills last Congress0:18:23, cited over 50,000 unidentified children in CSAM held by law enforcement0:19:54, and later questioned Ms. Bruggeman about Freedom Network's federal funding and positions on decriminalization and immigration0:56:19.

Ranking Member Lucy McBath (D-GA)0:22:25: Cited 36 million online child exploitation reports in 2023 and a 300% rise in online enticement reports in two years0:22:55; warned the OMB funding freeze memo endangered trafficking victim services0:24:58 and pressed Ms. Bruggeman on the memo's real-world effects1:01:53.

Ms. Anne Basham, Founder/Chair, Interparliamentary Taskforce on Human Trafficking0:30:30: Advocated for the Trafficking Survivor Relief Act and the Gracie Act0:31:01; said the average age children are targeted for trafficking is 11–14 and over 60% of child trafficking victims are current/former foster youth0:32:33; later stated DOJ anti-trafficking funding hit $100+ million under Trump in 2020 with $35 million for shelters, later cut by more than half under Biden1:41:27.

Ms. Jean Bruggeman, Esq., Executive Director, Freedom Network USA0:36:04: Said her coalition's 98 members serve over 6,000 trafficking survivors annually0:36:34; disclosed the network received roughly $1.3 million (about 87.7% of funding) from federal grants in 20230:56:50; described the OMB funding freeze causing layoffs and halted services1:02:38; testified criminalizing sex work does not help trafficking victims1:37:25.

Ms. Sheri Lopez, Survivor-advocate, Founder of Pearl at the Mailbox0:41:38: Described being trafficked from ages 15 to 18 by four traffickers including a woman0:43:40; helped update Arizona's vacatur law and pass Prop 313 mandating life sentences for trafficking children under 150:45:40; said Pearl at the Mailbox will never accept government grants to avoid outside control1:38:55; emphasized prevention education and behavioral changes as warning signs1:44:29.

Ms. Camille Cooper, VP Anti-Human Trafficking & Child Exploitation, Timbo Foundation0:46:36: Said 57,000 unidentified children remain in CSAM crime-scene photos0:47:11; described Operation Renewed Hope identifying 730 children and safeguarding 289 since 20230:49:13; said 84% of images in an Interpol study depicted actual abuse and 47% extreme abuse0:49:43; testified Timbo receives no federal funding despite a roughly $50 million budget1:43:59.

Rep. Jamie Raskin (D-MD), Ranking Member of full committee0:51:44: Called trafficking "modern-day slavery," criticized reduced social media content moderation0:52:47, and said DHS ordered 6,000 investigative agents to shift from drug/trafficking work to immigration enforcement0:54:18; later questioned Ms. Bruggeman on how traffickers like Jeffrey Epstein operated1:34:53 and noted Elon Musk's business empire received $38 billion in government funding1:37:55.

Rep. Tom Tiffany (R-WI)1:07:11: Asked Ms. Cooper how social media companies could combat CSAM, noting platforms must report but not proactively search for it1:07:41, and questioned WhatsApp encryption's role in CSAM proliferation1:08:42; asked Ms. Lopez whether prostitution is a component of trafficking1:09:43.

Rep. Steve Cohen (D-TN)1:46:00: Asked witnesses about Andrew and Tristan Tate's trafficking charges1:46:30 and noted their release from Romanian house arrest and return of US passports the day of the hearing1:47:00.

Rep. Dan Goldman (D-NY)1:57:06: Described his prior experience supervising sex trafficking prosecutions in the Southern District of New York1:57:06; showed a photo of Elon Musk with Ghislaine Maxwell and linked Musk's reinstatement of Andrew Tate's Twitter account to continued exploitation2:01:39.

Rep. Nathaniel Moran (R-TX)0:17:23: Led the Pledge of Allegiance.

Rep. Ben Cline / unnamed member introducing South Carolina colleague (Rep. Russell Fry, R-SC)2:02:40: Questioned Ms. Basham on federal trafficking prosecution numbers, citing about 1,000 cases in 2023 and 1,600 the year before2:02:40; discussed the affirmative defense provision of the Trafficking Survivors Relief Act2:03:41.

Rep. Wesley Hunt / unnamed member (Mr. Schell)2:06:42: Asked Ms. Bruggeman what would happen to service providers if the funding freeze's restraining order were lifted2:08:12; described his own prosecutorial experience relying on victim-support organizations2:10:15.

Rep. Laurel Lee (R-FL)2:12:16: Described prior work as lead prosecutor on a child exploitation task force in Tampa2:12:16; discussed the Restoring Hope Act's plan to add 200 HSI computer forensic specialists2:13:17 and asked Ms. Cooper about Timbo's lack of federal funding despite its impact2:14:17.

Key moments

Chairman Biggs revealed Freedom Network USA received about $1.3 million in federal grants in 2023, roughly 87.7% of its funding, and pressed Ms. Bruggeman on the organization's support for decriminalizing sex work0:56:50.

Ms. Basham testified DOJ anti-trafficking funding reached over $100 million in FY2020 under the Trump administration with $35 million for shelters, which later dropped to less than half that amount under the Biden administration even accounting for inflation1:41:27.

Ms. Cooper said only about 4% of trafficking victims are ever identified, meaning over 99% go unidentified, and that a team of just seven HSI cyber crime investigators is tasked with finding tens of thousands of American victims, which the Renewed Hope Act would expand to 2001:56:060:50:44.

Rep. Raskin stated DHS had ordered its entire 6,000-agent investigative division to deprioritize drug dealers, terrorists, and human traffickers in favor of immigration enforcement0:54:18.

Ms. Bruggeman confirmed the OMB funding freeze memo caused Freedom Network member organizations to immediately lay off staff and stop accepting new trafficking victims as clients1:02:38.

Rep. Cohen and Rep. Goldman highlighted that Andrew and Tristan Tate, charged with sex trafficking and rape of minors in Romania and under investigation in the UK, had their US passports returned and flew to Florida the same day as the hearing, with reporting alleging Trump administration pressure on Romania to release them1:47:002:01:09.

Ms. Cooper drew a distinction between "good funding" supporting law enforcement, survivor care, and legal services versus "bad funding" that would support decriminalizing brothel-keeping, pimping, and sex buying1:39:56.

Ms. Lopez described surviving seven years of sex trafficking from age 15 to 18 by four traffickers, including being blackmailed with recordings of her assaults and flown across the country against her will0:42:39.

Ms. Basham said the average age children are targeted for sex and labor trafficking is 11 to 14 years old, and more than 60% of child trafficking victims are current or former foster youth0:32:33.

Ms. Cooper stated a 2020 Interpol study found 84% of images of unidentified victims depicted actual child sexual abuse, 47% contained extreme abuse (rape, bondage, torture), and 4.3% depicted infants0:49:43.

Metadata

CommitteeHouse Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime and Federal Government Surveillance
Chamber / CongressHouse · 119th Congress
Date2025-02-27
TypeHearing
Witnesses
Ms. Anne Basham — Founder and Chair, Interparliamentary Taskforce on Human Trafficking
Ms. Camille Cooper — Vice President, Anti-Human Trafficking & Child Exploitation
Ms. Sheri Lopez — Survivor-advocate & Founder, Pearl at the Mailbox
Ms. Jean Bruggeman, Esq. — Executive Director, Freedom Network USA
Videoyoutube
Transcript202 caption blocks · 15,683 words · 2:18:22 runtime
EventCongress.gov 117951