Education Without Limits: Exploring the Benefits of School Choice

AI in Education and WorkforceHouse Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Elementary, and Secondary Education · March 11, 2025 · 119th Congress
The House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Elementary, and Secondary Education held this hearing to examine "school choice" — private-school vouchers, education savings accounts (ESAs), and charter schools — and their effects on student outcomes, public-school funding, and students with disabilities. Begins at ▶ 0:11:17
Transcript
Highlights

Title

House hearing debates private school vouchers, charters, and ESAs

Purpose

The House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Elementary, and Secondary Education held this hearing to examine "school choice" — private-school vouchers, education savings accounts (ESAs), and charter schools — and their effects on student outcomes, public-school funding, and students with disabilities. Republicans argued declining NAEP scores demonstrate the need to expand choice programs, while Democrats argued vouchers divert scarce public funds, weaken civil-rights protections, and worsen segregation. Four witnesses testified: researcher Dr. Michael McShane, ESA parent-advocate Jenny Clark, litigator Jessica Levin, and voucher recipient Walter Blanks Jr. Begins at▶ 0:11:17

Who spoke

• Chairman Kevin Kiley (R-CA)▶ 0:11:17: Opened by citing declining NAEP scores despite rising spending▶ 0:11:17 and touted 81 private choice programs in 33 states serving 1.2 million students, roughly double the number three years ago▶ 0:14:19; later, in a second round, pressed witness Jessica Levin on the consistency between her own private education and her opposition to vouchers for others▶ 1:22:01.

• Ranking Member Suzanne Bonamici (D-OR)▶ 0:19:22: Warned against "voucher scams" and stressed protecting public-school funding▶ 0:19:52, citing Oregon's Benson Polytechnic and Beaverton magnet programs as existing public-school choice▶ 0:20:22; noted voters in Nebraska, Kentucky, and Colorado rejected voucher ballot measures in 2024▶ 0:22:24, and in closing cited a poll showing 68% of voters favor public-school funding versus 24% for vouchers▶ 2:12:31.

• Dr. Michael McShane, EdChoice▶ 0:26:26: Framed his testimony around Milton Friedman's 1955 essay▶ 0:26:26, cited a 2023 Stanford CREDO study finding charter students gain six extra days of learning per year in math and reading [0:15:20 reference in chair's opening; reiterated 0:27:57], and summarized 188 studies as showing an overwhelming weight of positive effects▶ 1:37:38.

• Mrs. Jenny Clark, Love Your School▶ 0:29:59: Described her sons' severe dyslexia diagnosis and a $7,500 Arizona ESA scholarship that funded specialized tutoring▶ 0:30:29▶ 0:31:30; said Arizona's ESA program grew from about 12,000 to over 87,000 students after becoming universal in 2022▶ 0:32:00, and testified no Arizona public school has closed since the ESA program began▶ 2:09:00.

• Ms. Jessica Levin, Education Law Center▶ 0:33:00: Argued voucher laws lack quality and accountability standards, citing Prof. Josh Cowen's comparison of voucher harm to COVID-19-era learning loss▶ 0:34:01; said students with disabilities lose IDEA and Section 504 rights under vouchers, per a GAO finding that 83% of such families received no or misleading information▶ 0:35:31; confirmed under questioning that she attended a private school herself and supports families' right to choose private schools even as she opposes public funding for that choice▶ 1:22:31.

• Mr. Walter Blanks Jr., American Federation for Children▶ 0:38:02: Recounted being bullied at his Columbus, Ohio public school and his mother's decision to withdraw him after a "jail or body bag" ultimatum from the principal▶ 0:39:33; said an Ohio EdChoice scholarship transformed his academic trajectory▶ 0:40:04 and that he failed his new school's entrance exam twice before being admitted▶ 0:46:07.

• Rep. Tim Walberg (R-MI), full committee chairman▶ 0:41:34: Asked McShane why research shows choice does not harm traditional public schools▶ 0:42:05 and asked Clark about ESA use by students with disabilities▶ 0:44:05.

• Rep. Harris (R-NC)▶ 0:50:40: Said criticism of school choice seems disconnected from real families' concerns▶ 0:51:11 and asked Clark how traditional schools failed her children before ESA use▶ 0:52:42.

• Rep. Jahana Hayes (D-CT)▶ 0:56:13: A former public-school teacher, argued the hearing conflates vouchers with public charter choice▶ 0:56:44 and questioned whether $7,500 in ESA funds truly covers the full cost of dyslexia services a public school would otherwise provide▶ 0:59:15.

• Rep. Mesmer (IN)▶ 1:01:47: Touted Indiana's voucher program, the nation's largest, with 32% growth this past year▶ 1:02:17, and asked Blanks how the Educational Choice for Children Act (ECCA) would help students in states without choice programs▶ 1:04:18.

• Rep. Manion (NY)▶ 1:06:19: Described his autistic son's need for public-school early intervention services▶ 1:07:21 and asked Levin about the gap between IDEA's promised 40% federal funding share and the actual 13–14%▶ 1:09:23.

• Rep. Burgess Owens (R-UT)▶ 1:11:25: Pressed Levin on her own elite private education (Head-Royce, Cornell, Oxford, Harvard) versus her opposition to extending private-school choice to lower-income families▶ 1:13:26.

• Rep. Alma Adams (D-NC)▶ 1:16:57: Said the debate is really about privatization, noting 84% of children attend public schools▶ 1:17:27; cited a 2022 GAO finding that over one in three public K-12 students attend a racially segregated school▶ 1:18:28, and described a North Carolina voucher-funded school whose physical location the state could not confirm▶ 1:19:59.

• Rep. Summer Lee (D-PA)▶ 1:28:03: Argued inequitable, ZIP-code-based school funding and cited a Pennsylvania court ruling on the state's funding scheme▶ 1:28:33; cited a 2022 GAO report that over 30% of Pennsylvania charter schools receiving federal grants between 2006–2020 closed or never opened▶ 1:31:04.

• Rep. Moand (Guam)▶ 1:33:35: Asked Clark how states could cut red tape in ESA qualification▶ 1:34:36 and asked Blanks how choice programs could create job pipelines in remote districts like Guam▶ 1:36:07.

• Rep. McKenzie (PA)▶ 1:46:43: Described Pennsylvania's model where charters and traditional public schools coexist as equally "public," and asked panelists how to reduce hostility toward school choice▶ 1:49:15.

• Rep. Bobby Scott (D-VA), full committee ranking member▶ 1:52:19: Walked Levin through a rapid Q&A establishing that private schools can charge above the voucher amount▶ 1:52:50, that about 20% of choice schools close within a few years (30% in Florida)▶ 1:53:51, that private schools may deny admission or expel students for disability or sexual orientation▶ 1:54:51, and that Title VI protections do not apply absent federal funding▶ 1:56:21.

• Rep. Mary Miller (R-IL)▶ 1:57:52: Cited Chicago Public Schools spending $29,000 per student with under 30% reading proficiency▶ 1:58:23 and asked McShane to disclose organizations, including the American Federation of Teachers, that fund EdChoice▶ 2:01:54.

• Rep. Frederica Wilson (D-FL)▶ 2:03:26: Argued charter and private schools can "cherry-pick" students while public schools must serve everyone▶ 2:03:56, citing a 2009 Miami-Dade report on selective transfer of advanced students to private schools▶ 2:04:56.

• Rep. Rick Allen (R-GA)▶ 2:06:59: Described founding Heritage Academy for low-income single mothers▶ 2:07:59 and asked Clark whether ESAs have defunded Arizona public schools, to which she reiterated none have closed▶ 2:09:00.

Key moments

• Owens directly confronted Levin about attending the elite private Head-Royce School and Cornell, Oxford, and Harvard, asking why she opposes extending similar private options to lower-income families; Levin said she supports families' right to choose but opposes public funding for it▶ 1:13:26▶ 1:14:56.

• Scott's questioning of Levin established that private voucher schools can charge above the voucher amount, close at a roughly 20% rate nationally (30% in Florida), and can deny admission or expel students for disability, academic ability, or sexual orientation without violating federal civil-rights law where no federal funds are received▶ 1:52:50▶ 1:53:51▶ 1:54:51▶ 1:56:21.

• Levin cited Prof. Josh Cowen's finding that voucher programs' negative academic effects are "on par with what the COVID-19 pandemic did to test scores" and larger than Hurricane Katrina's impact in New Orleans▶ 0:34:01.

• Adams described a North Carolina voucher-funded school whose physical existence the state could not confirm, prompting a State Bureau of Investigation inquiry▶ 1:19:59.

• Bonamici cited polling that 68% of voters, across party lines and in red voucher states, prefer increasing public-school funding over voucher funding (24%), and noted voucher ballot measures have been rejected 17 times nationally since 1967▶ 2:12:31.

• Blanks described his mother's ultimatum to a principal who asked for "five years" to fix his failing school — "Walter will either be in jail or in a body bag" — before withdrawing him for a voucher-funded private school▶ 0:39:33.

• Lee cited a 2022 GAO report finding more than 30% of Pennsylvania charter schools that received federal charter grant funding between 2006 and 2020 closed or never opened▶ 1:31:04.

• McShane summarized his written testimony's review of over 188 studies, saying the overwhelming weight of evidence on private school choice — academic, attainment, and segregation outcomes — is positive▶ 1:37:38.

• Hayes disputed whether a $7,500 ESA scholarship can truly cover a child's full dyslexia support needs, arguing public schools provide wraparound services — occupational therapy, social workers — that a flat scholarship cannot match; Clark maintained it covered the full cost for her child▶ 0:59:15.

• Wilson and Levin discussed a 2009 Miami-Dade schools report finding advanced students were nearly twice as likely to transfer to select public/private schools as to remain in their home schools, which Wilson framed as evidence of "cherry-picking"▶ 2:04:56.

Metadata

CommitteeHouse Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Elementary, and Secondary Education
Chamber / CongressHouse · 119th Congress
DateMarch 11, 2025
TypeHearing
Witnesses
Dr. Michael McShane — Director of National Research, EdChoice
Mrs. Jenny Clark — Founder, Love Your School
Ms. Jessica Levin — Litigation Director, Education Law Center
Mr. Walter Blanks Jr. — Spokesman, American Federation for Children
Dr. Michael McShane — Director of National McShane, EdChoice
Mrs. Jenny Clark — Founder, Love Your School
Ms. Jessica Levin — Litigation Director, Education Law Center
Mr. Walter Blanks Jr. — Spokesman, American Federation for Children
Videoyoutube
Transcript254 caption blocks · 22,369 words · 2:25:22 runtime
EventCongress.gov 117961