Shifting Gears: Moving from Recovery to Prevention of Improper Payments and Fraud

Benefits Fraud and Improper PaymentsHouse Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Government Operations · 2025-03-11 · 119th Congress
The House Oversight Subcommittee on Government Operations held this bipartisan follow-up hearing to examine how federal agencies can shift from recovering improper payments after the fact ("pay and chase") to preventing them upfront. Begins at 0:17:20
Transcript
Highlights

Title

Preventing improper payments and fraud in federal programs

Purpose

The House Oversight Subcommittee on Government Operations held this bipartisan follow-up hearing to examine how federal agencies can shift from recovering improper payments after the fact ("pay and chase") to preventing them upfront. Witnesses from GAO, the Pandemic Response Accountability Committee, and the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities testified on fraud data-matching tools, the looming sunset of the PRAC, Medicaid/SNAP eligibility errors, and the effect of recent inspector general firings on oversight capacity. Begins at0:17:20

Who spoke

Chairman Pete Sessions (R-TX)0:17:20: Opened by framing the hearing as a bipartisan follow-up to prior meetings on waste, fraud, and abuse0:17:50; later argued government is "not prepared" to send out mass payments without better upfront verification and previewed legislation modeled on the PRAC coming to markup within two weeks1:50:17.

Ranking Member Kweisi Mfume (D-MD)0:20:22: Criticized DOGE ("department of government evil") and the firing of 18 inspectors general0:21:22; cited 10 of 24 PIIA agencies as non-compliant as of 20220:22:53 and GAO's $162 billion fiscal 2024 improper payment figure0:24:55; warned against using fraud concerns to justify cutting or privatizing Social Security, Medicaid, and Medicare0:25:55.

Kristen Kociolek, GAO Managing Director0:32:30: Testified agencies have made an estimated $2.8 trillion in improper payments since 2003, including $162 billion in fiscal 20240:34:01, and that fraud costs the government $233–$531 billion annually0:34:31; recommended Congress make permanent the Social Security full death-data sharing with Treasury's Do Not Pay system0:37:03.

Ken Dieffenbach, PRAC Executive Director0:38:34: Said the PRAC oversaw $5 trillion in pandemic relief funding and is partnering with 48 law enforcement agencies on investigations tied to $2.4 billion in potential losses0:40:05; warned the PRAC is scheduled to sunset in September 2025 and will soon begin deleting 1.7 billion data points0:42:07.

Jennifer Wagner, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities0:43:37: Said most Medicaid/SNAP improper payments are paperwork errors, not fraud0:44:38; warned that requiring Medicaid renewals every 6 months instead of annually would increase, not reduce, improper payments0:46:34; noted over 5 million people were renewed with less red tape via expanded ex parte renewals0:47:40.

Rep. Virginia Foxx (R-NC)0:48:42: Asked why agencies (citing DOT's IG) aren't using the Do Not Pay system despite legal requirements, and how to improve it0:49:12; asked about the cost of recovering improper payments0:51:13.

Rep. Eleanor Holmes Norton (D-DC)1:05:21: Focused on the mass firing of 17 inspectors general across 18 positions and asked witnesses how this affects prevention and Medicaid oversight1:06:51.

Rep. Gary Palmer (R-AL)1:00:18: Noted four separate improper-payments laws since 2002 yet losses keep rising, totaling roughly $3.7 trillion over 10 years1:00:49; pressed on lack of enforcement and touted DOGE's technology efforts1:02:49.

Rep. Suhas Subramanyam / "Mr. Gill" (D-TX)1:11:24: Walked through the mechanics of unemployment insurance fraud and asked whether any agency head has ever been fired for mailing out fraudulent checks (Kociolek: "I have not seen that")1:14:57.

Rep. Emily Randall (D-WA)1:16:28: Shared her sister's experience with Medicaid; cited Washington's fraud detection system finding only 35–40 credible fraud allegations out of 20 million claims (about 0.2%)1:20:30.

Rep. Tim Burchett (R-TN)1:22:31: Asked about human error's role in improper payments and why not all agencies use GAO's fraud risk framework1:24:32.

Rep. Rich McCormick / "Mr. Jack" (R-GA)1:28:04: Asked all three witnesses about enforcement mechanisms; reviewed the historical trend of improper payments since the 2000s1:30:06.

Rep. Maxwell Frost (D-FL)1:33:37: Pressed Kociolek on whether Social Security is a "Ponzi scheme" as Elon Musk claimed (she said GAO has seen no such indication)1:34:39; warned that proposed $880 billion in health care cuts would hit Medicaid recipients, including 60,000+ in his district1:36:39.

Rep. Jared Moskowitz (D-FL)1:38:41: Got witnesses to state on the record that Social Security is not a Ponzi scheme1:39:41 and that IG firings without proper protocol were "not good policy"1:41:12; presented GAO data showing $670 billion in improper payments occurred during the first Trump administration1:42:43.

Key moments

GAO's Kociolek testified the federal government has made an estimated $2.8 trillion in improper payments since 2003, including $162 billion in fiscal 2024, down from $236 billion in fiscal 20230:24:550:34:01.

Dieffenbach revealed the PRAC is "only two months away" from having to begin deleting 1.7 billion data points across 60 major sources once it sunsets in September 20250:42:07.

Dieffenbach cited fraudsters using names like "Charlie Chaplain," "Abraham Lincoln," and "Fog Horn Leghorn" in pandemic program applications, all stopped before funds were dispersed0:40:35.

Wagner testified beneficiary fraud in Medicaid/SNAP is very low and most improper payments stem from paperwork/documentation gaps, not deliberate fraud0:45:08.

Rep. Subramanyam/"Mr. Gill" got Kociolek to confirm she has never seen an agency head fired for mailing out fraudulent checks despite billions in losses1:14:57.

Rep. Randall cited Washington state data showing only 35–40 credible fraud allegations out of 20 million Medicaid claims annually — about 0.2%1:20:30.

Rep. Moskowitz pressed all three witnesses to state on record that Social Security is not a "Ponzi scheme," contradicting Elon Musk's public claims1:39:41.

Moskowitz cited GAO figures showing $670 billion in cumulative improper payments during the first Trump administration (2017–2020), noting this predates the Biden administration often blamed for the problem1:42:43.

Rep. Palmer noted that despite four separate laws targeting improper payments since 2002, losses have only grown, reaching an estimated $3.7 trillion over a 10-year window1:00:49.

Chairman Sessions announced plans for bipartisan legislation modeled on the PRAC, targeting a markup within two weeks1:50:17.

Metadata

CommitteeHouse Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Government Operations
Chamber / CongressHouse · 119th Congress
Date2025-03-11
TypeHearing
Witnesses
Ms. Kristen Kociolek — Managing Director, Financial Management and Assurance, U.S. Government Accountability Office
Mr. Ken Dieffenbach — Executive Director, Pandemic Response Accountability Committee
Ms. Jennifer Wagner — Director of Medicaid Eligibility and Enrollment, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities
Videoyoutube
Transcript210 caption blocks · 16,219 words · 2:01:53 runtime
EventCongress.gov 118002