Pathway to Capital: The Role of SBA Lending in Supporting Main Street America

Small Business Administration OversightHouse Small Business · September 16, 2025 · 119th Congress
The House Small Business Committee held this hearing to examine the SBA Office of Capital Access's lending programs — including the flagship 7(a), 504, and microloan programs — and to review reforms made since the change in administration. Begins at ▶ 0:21:00
Transcript
Highlights

Title

SBA Capital Access Reforms, Lending Trends, and Manufacturing Loan Limits

Purpose

The House Small Business Committee held this hearing to examine the SBA Office of Capital Access's lending programs — including the flagship 7(a), 504, and microloan programs — and to review reforms made since the change in administration. The sole witness, Thomas Kimsey, Associate Administrator for the Office of Capital Access, testified on underwriting standards, fraud prevention, staffing cuts, disaster lending, and proposals to raise manufacturing loan limits to $10 million. Begins at▶ 0:21:00

Who spoke

• Chairman Roger Williams (R-TX)▶ 0:21:00: Opened the hearing on "Pathway to Capital," criticizing the prior administration's "do what you do" underwriting standards that led to the 7(a) program's first negative cash flow in over a decade▶ 0:22:40; later pressed Kimsey on his manufacturing finance bill▶ 0:35:45, SBA employee fraud▶ 0:37:25, debanking▶ 0:38:20, and special purpose properties under the 504 program▶ 0:39:52.

• Ranking Member Nydia Velázquez (D-NY)▶ 0:24:28: Cited August's 22,000 jobs added versus a projected 80,000, a 4.3% unemployment rate, and June payroll revised down 13,000▶ 0:25:30; pressed Kimsey on a 50% drop in June 7(a) loan approvals to 3,800▶ 0:40:31, rising lender default rates▶ 0:45:09, and cuts to the Office of Capital Access budget▶ 0:59:42.

• Thomas Kimsey, SBA Associate Administrator, Office of Capital Access▶ 0:29:36: Said the Biden administration's "do what you do" underwriting drove a projected $2.2 billion in negative cash flow over four cohort years▶ 0:44:13; touted 53,000+ loans totaling $28.3 billion since January 20, a 14% year-over-year increase▶ 0:34:22; repeatedly declined to say whether 196 disaster-processing staff were transferred or eliminated▶ 0:53:41▶ 1:01:11.

• Rep. Aaron Fenstad (D-MN)▶ 0:45:36: Asked how SBA is strengthening relationships with rural community lenders▶ 0:47:15.

• Rep. Morgan McGarvey (D-KY)▶ 0:50:24: Described Kentucky small businesses (tea bags, bourbon, Ford plant) hurt by tariff uncertainty▶ 0:50:44; noted Kentucky disaster funding rose from $3.3 million to nearly $37 million year over year▶ 0:52:58; repeatedly pressed Kimsey on whether 196 disaster-center jobs were transferred or eliminated without getting a direct answer▶ 0:53:41.

• Rep. Sherry King Hines (Northern Mariana Islands)▶ 0:55:36: Described the Marianas' tourism-dependent economic crisis and COVID-era EIDL borrowers struggling to repay▶ 0:56:22; thanked Kimsey for responsiveness rather than posing pointed questions▶ 0:57:13.

• Rep. LaMonica McIver (D-NJ)▶ 0:58:30: Cited a survey finding 62% of small business owners rank inflation their top stress▶ 0:59:42; asked Kimsey to commit to reporting cuts' impact on loan approvals, which he did not directly commit to▶ 1:00:10; questioned him on SBA's role in a proposed student loan portfolio transfer, which he denied managing▶ 1:01:37.

• Rep. Rob Bresnahan (R-PA)▶ 1:03:32: Highlighted his ACT bill capping small business lending companies (SBLCs) at 16 [0:34:22 mention, 2:06:21]; asked about SPLC oversight risks▶ 2:07:09 and manufacturing sector impact▶ 2:07:59.

• Rep. Ryan Mackenzie / "Mr. Muazu"▶ 1:03:54: Noted SBA workforce more than doubled from 3,200 to 6,500 under Biden▶ 1:04:24; contrasted 20% cumulative Biden-era inflation with 1.9% under Trump▶ 1:05:48; asked about drivers of rising early defaults and SOP 5010 changes▶ 1:06:44▶ 1:07:38.

• Rep. Angie Craig / "Dr. Morrison" (D-MN)▶ 1:08:57: Asked how SBA is preparing for increasing natural disasters amid staffing cuts▶ 1:09:44; noted Kimsey would not confirm disasters are increasing in frequency▶ 1:11:04; pressed on the proposed student loan transfer▶ 1:13:24.

• Rep. Michelle Van Dine (R-TX)▶ 1:14:25: Touted her American Entrepreneurs First Act barring SBA loans to non-citizens▶ 1:15:47; asked about negative cash flow causes▶ 1:16:12 and codifying the franchise directory▶ 1:17:34.

• Rep. Gil Cisneros (D-CA)▶ 1:19:29: Questioned the impact of a 43% SBA staffing cut on the Office of Capital Access▶ 1:19:56 and the decline in 7(a) originations▶ 1:20:55; raised the noncitizen-owner loan denial policy affecting U.S. citizens married to foreign nationals▶ 1:23:13.

• Rep. Pete Stauber (R-MN)▶ 1:24:14: Asked about timeliness of loan approvals▶ 1:25:30, zero-subsidy metrics▶ 1:27:22, and the SBLC licensing cap▶ 1:28:10.

• Rep. Maxine Goodlander (D-NH)▶ 1:40:55: Noted the SBA's SOP 5010 runs 467 pages▶ 1:42:45; described a 70% reduction in New Hampshire's SBA field office workforce▶ 1:44:09 and pressed for a staffing commitment, which Kimsey did not directly give▶ 1:45:02.

• Rep. Jimmy Patronis (R-FL)▶ 1:46:28: Clarified a court blocked the SBA student loan transfer▶ 1:46:28; asked about large-dollar SBA loans for disaster-affected businesses▶ 1:47:13.

• Rep. Frank Pallone / "Dr. Conaway" (D-NJ)▶ 1:51:15: Questioned the "do what you do" terminology and defended relationship-based lending flexibility▶ 1:53:46; raised concerns about SBA program cuts affecting the Women's Business Center and Veterans Business Outreach Centers▶ 1:56:03.

• Rep. Tony Wied (R-WI)▶ 1:56:32: Asked about the restored franchise directory's benefits▶ 1:57:21 and the new manufacturers' revolving credit program▶ 1:58:49.

• Rep. Lateefah Simon (D-CA)▶ 1:59:49: Cited 38% minority and nearly 50% women small-business borrowers in her district▶ 2:00:18; asked about steps to expand credit access to underserved owners▶ 2:01:15 and raised difficulty reaching SBA staff amid layoffs▶ 2:04:28.

• Rep. Rob Bresnahan (R-PA) [1:03:32, second segment 2:05:23]: Reiterated support for capping SBLCs at 16 via his ACT legislation▶ 2:06:21.

• Rep. Troy Downing (R-MT)▶ 2:15:28: Asked how SBA loan programs serve rural entrepreneurs facing capital access barriers▶ 2:16:21 and what drove the Biden-era negative cash flow▶ 2:19:19.

• Rep. Kristen Skelton (D-MI)▶ 2:10:16: Highlighted Northern Initiatives' $2.3 million in Community Advantage loans, 75% to underserved markets▶ 2:10:41; questioned the new citizenship verification requirement's effect on legal immigrant loan applicants, citing a Michigan lender unable to close an already-approved loan▶ 2:12:53.

Key moments

• Kimsey said Biden-era "do what you do" underwriting produced roughly $600 million in negative cash flow over the last six quarters and a projected $2.2 billion loss across four cohort years▶ 0:44:13▶ 1:07:38.

• Velázquez cited SBA's own data showing June 2025 7(a) approvals fell to 3,800, a 50% drop from May and the lowest since early 2022, which Kimsey did not directly address, instead citing a 14% year-over-year volume increase▶ 0:40:31▶ 0:41:02.

• Rep. McGarvey repeatedly asked whether 196 disaster-processing staff were "transferred or eliminated entirely"; Kimsey gave no direct answer across multiple attempts, citing "rightsizing" to pre-COVID levels▶ 0:53:41.

• Rep. McIver asked Kimsey to commit to reporting back on harms from proposed capital-access budget cuts; he did not commit, saying he was "not aware of those cuts"▶ 1:00:10▶ 1:00:40.

• Multiple members (McIver, Rep. Morrison, Patronis) asked about SBA's role in President Trump's announced takeover of the trillion-dollar student loan portfolio; Kimsey said "the student loan program has not come over to the SBA," and Patronis noted a court had blocked the transfer▶ 1:02:32▶ 1:03:02▶ 1:46:28.

• Rep. Cisneros and Rep. Skelton raised cases of U.S. citizens and legal immigrants denied SBA loans due to a new citizenship-verification requirement, including a Michigan lender unable to close an already-approved loan; Kimsey defended the requirement as necessary for verifying 100% ownership▶ 1:23:13▶ 2:12:53.

• Rep. Goodlander noted SBA's SOP 5010 spans 467 pages and said small lenders in New Hampshire need "an army of lawyers" to interpret it, alongside a reported 70% cut to the state's SBA field office staff▶ 1:42:45▶ 1:44:09.

• Kimsey said SBA has approved nearly 53,000 7(a) and 504 loans totaling $28.3 billion since January 20, a 14% increase over the same period last year, and that small business optimism is at a seven-month high▶ 0:34:22▶ 0:34:49.

• Rep. Bresnahan highlighted his bill to cap small business lending companies (SBLCs) at 16, following the 2023 rule that lifted a 40-year moratorium on new SBLC licenses, which Kimsey said expanded to over 150 with little added loan volume▶ 2:05:51▶ 2:07:09.

• Kimsey testified the SBA reinstated lender fees, restored pre-Biden underwriting standards, and reinstated the franchise directory within its first 100 days, while backing legislation to raise manufacturing loan limits from $5 million to $10 million▶ 0:32:48▶ 2:19:44.

Metadata

CommitteeHouse Small Business
Chamber / CongressHouse · 119th Congress
DateSeptember 16, 2025
TypeHearing
Witnesses
Mr. Thomas Kimsey — Associate Administrator, Office of Capital Access
Videoyoutube
Transcript274 caption blocks · 20,621 words · 2:20:51 runtime
EventCongress.gov 118605