Various Measures

US-China Technology CompetitionHouse · 2026-04-22 · 119th Congress
The House Foreign Affairs Committee held a marathon markup to consider 23 measures, most aimed at strengthening the Bureau of Industry and Security's (BIS) export-control enforcement, closing loopholes used by China to acquire semiconductors and AI technology, and promoting U.S. Begins at 0:09:39
Transcript
Highlights

Title

House Foreign Affairs Committee markup of 23 export control and tech-security bills

Purpose

The House Foreign Affairs Committee held a marathon markup to consider 23 measures, most aimed at strengthening the Bureau of Industry and Security's (BIS) export-control enforcement, closing loopholes used by China to acquire semiconductors and AI technology, and promoting U.S. leadership in AI and 6G standards. Members from both parties largely supported the bills on a bipartisan basis, though Democrats used the session to criticize the Trump administration's oversight of BIS and its Iran policy, and the committee paused to honor Rep. David Scott of Georgia, who died that morning. Begins at0:09:39

Who spoke

Chairman Brian Mast (R-FL)0:09:39: Gaveled in the markup of 23 measures0:11:16, repeatedly noted BIS's severe understaffing — only 11 export control officers worldwide0:28:40 — and later cited data showing BIS approved $60 billion in Huawei licenses and $40 billion for SMIC in six months while denying only 8% of applications3:38:14.

Ranking Member Gregory Meeks (D-NY)0:13:57: Argued the administration has "systematically undermined" export controls, citing suspended China chip controls and cancelled oversight hearings0:14:50; announced the death of Rep. David Scott of Georgia mid-markup and led a moment of silence2:48:365:52:30.

Rep. McKenzie0:18:12: Sponsor of HR8202, argued the current 5-year statute of limitations on export violations is too short given complex smuggling schemes0:18:38.

A Democratic committee member (HR8202 co-sponsor)0:20:10: Supported extending the statute of limitations to 10 years, citing shell-company evasion schemes0:20:40.

Rep. Self0:31:01: Repeatedly raised fiscal concerns, noting the $39 trillion national debt and lack of offsets for new BIS spending0:31:01; later opposed HR8288 as "congressional overreach"0:47:15 and flagged BIS staffing growth from 403 to over 1,300 positions0:37:41.

Rep. Kamlager-Dove0:32:00: Sponsor of the Export Controls Enforcement Act, said BIS has only 11 agents conducting end-use checks abroad and her bill would require at least 300:32:18.

Rep. Amo (D-RI)0:47:40: Sponsor of the Strengthening Export Controls Compliance Act, said BIS has held no compliance trainings since early 2025, hurting small exporters0:48:09.

Rep. Miller0:52:32: Sponsor of the Adversaries Act, highlighted Huawei's U.S. subsidiary "Futureway," which can buy Nvidia Blackwell chips unrestricted0:53:27.

Rep. Lou (Lieu)0:54:23: Warned the U.S. had expended roughly 50% of THAAD interceptors, 50% of Patriot missiles, and 30% of Tomahawks in the Iran conflict in about six weeks0:55:15, calling the war "unconstitutional" and the U.S. military response to Iranian strikes evidence of a "second rate" defense against a "second rate military"0:57:09; requested a hearing on a new Indo-Pacific defense strategy1:03:33.

Rep. Issa (R-CA)0:58:15: Sharply rebuked Lieu's remarks as inappropriate for Congress and defended the war's constitutionality0:58:52; later led HR8285 and HR6058 as bipartisan co-sponsor with Meeks1:08:593:12:08.

A member representing Guam1:05:08: Co-sponsored the Adversaries Act as important to closing loopholes affecting Indo-Pacific security1:05:38.

Rep. Fine1:06:06: Condemned Lieu's characterization of the U.S. military as "second rate" as "disgusting" and "repulsive"1:06:56; later sponsored the Full AI Stack Export Promotion Act, framing AI standard-setting as a "VHS or Betamax" contest with China2:45:08.

Rep. Davidson2:34:56: Sponsor of the Biological Intellectual Property Protection Act, sought to restrict synthetic-biology IP exports to China, with enforcement delayed to January 2029 in his amendment2:35:20.

Rep. Castro2:58:21: Opposed the Full AI Stack Export Promotion Act over self-dealing concerns, citing the Trump family's $500 million UAE stake sale followed by approved chip exports to the UAE3:01:09; called for recusal requirements before he would support the bill3:02:03.

A Democratic committee member (Baltic Security Act supporter)3:04:52: Backed HR5543, citing Russian hybrid-warfare tactics against Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and delayed U.S. arms deliveries3:05:55.

A Democratic committee member (Stride Act supporter)3:08:34: Supported HR6058 but said the bill would have benefited from more public debate given industry and allied concerns3:08:58.

Rep. Johnson3:18:48: Sponsor of the USA 6G Global Leadership Act, cited Nokia, AT&T and Samsung in her North Texas district as reasons the U.S. must set 6G standards ahead of China3:19:11.

Rep. Biggs3:20:49: Supported the 6G bill, warning China is funding standards influence at the ITU and World Radio Communication Conference3:21:36.

A Democratic committee member (Stop Stealing Our Chips Act co-lead)3:26:34: Cited Texas Instruments and Corvo in her district in support of a BIS whistleblower incentive program3:26:34.

Rep. McCall/Chairman Emeritus3:40:19: Sponsor of HR8284, described personally negotiating the original Trump-era agreement with the Dutch and Japanese to keep ASML's advanced lithography out of China4:12:38, contrasting it with the Biden administration's non-binding approach.

Rep. Stanton3:48:45: Sponsor of the Semiconductor Controls Effectiveness Act, said BIS has provided no concrete data on chip-control effectiveness since 20223:47:45; his critical-minerals amendment failed on a roll call, 19 in favor6:13:33.

Rep. Baird3:59:39: Sponsor of HR8036, argued State, Defense and Energy should be able to submit export-control rule proposals directly rather than waiting on Commerce4:00:09.

Rep. Bombgartner (Baumgartner)4:06:24: Sponsor of the Match Act, said ASML derived 36% of its 2023 revenue from China and proposed requiring allies to match U.S. chipmaking-tool export controls or lose U.S. licensing cooperation4:07:46.

Rep. Perry4:23:56: Offered (then withdrew) an amendment to the Match Act requiring companies that refuse compliance to remove tools from China entirely, warning of executive action if Congress doesn't act4:24:414:34:59.

Rep. Burchett5:55:31: Told an anecdote about Tennessee's switch to electronic voting during roll-call technical issues5:55:31.

A member requesting unanimous consent (Rep. Kein)5:57:00: Asked that Burchett's remarks be entered into the permanent record.

Key moments

Chairman Mast said BIS approved $60 billion in export licenses to Huawei and $40 billion to SMIC in just six months, denying only 8% of applications — "a presumption of denial that denies almost nothing"3:38:14.

Rep. Lieu said the U.S. has expended roughly 50% of its THAAD interceptors, 50% of Patriot missiles, and 30% of Tomahawks in about six weeks during the Iran conflict, and that a $4.5 million Patriot missile is being used against $30,000–$50,000 Iranian drones0:55:45.

Sharp floor clash: Issa rebuked Lieu's "unconstitutional war" framing0:58:15; Fine called Lieu's reference to a "second rate military" "disgusting" and demanded an apology to service members1:06:56; Meeks later read the official transcript into the record to clarify Lieu described Iran's military, not the U.S. military, as "second rate"2:57:02.

Meeks announced Rep. David Scott of Georgia's death mid-markup; the committee held a moment of silence later in the session2:48:365:52:30.

Chairman Mast and Meeks cited the Super Micro case — an alleged $2.5 billion smuggling of Nvidia AI chips and servers to China — to justify quadrupling BIS civil penalties from two to four times the transaction value under HR58530:41:57.

Rep. Castro opposed the AI export-promotion bill, citing the Trump family's $500 million sale of a 49% stake in World Liberty Financial to the UAE shortly before the administration approved advanced AI chip sales there3:01:09.

BIS's 11 worldwide export-control officers handle nearly 50,000 licenses annually covering roughly $500 billion in exports, according to Meeks0:29:31; HR4505 would raise the officer count to at least 300:29:04.

Chairman Emeritus McCaul recounted personally negotiating a signed 2019 agreement with the Dutch and Japanese to withhold ASML/Tokyo Electron lithography tools from China, contrasting it with what he called the Biden administration's weaker, trust-based approach that allowed backfilling4:12:38.

Rep. Perry's amendment to force foreign firms to remove chipmaking equipment from China entirely was withdrawn after bipartisan pushback, with Perry warning of executive action "if we fail here"4:34:59.

Stanton's amendment requiring assessment of critical-minerals impacts of chip controls failed on a formal roll call, 19–[unrecorded no count], reflecting a partisan split on scope of the review6:13:33.

Committee data cited by Meeks: the CalPERS-style "presumption of denial" standard, and votes throughout the day, showed near-unanimous bipartisan support for most enforcement bills (several passed 43-0 or 44-0), while AI-policy bills like the Full AI Stack Export Promotion Act drew more partisan splits (37 yes votes)6:08:41.

Metadata

Committee
Chamber / CongressHouse · 119th Congress
Date2026-04-22
TypeMarkup
Witnesses
(none listed in event metadata)
Videoyoutube
Transcript774 caption blocks · 33,346 words · 6:17:16 runtime
EventCongress.gov 119191