Privacy Protections & the Second Amendment: Examining ATF’s Relationship to the Tiahrt Amendment

House Judiciary Bill MarkupsHouse Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Federal Law Enforcement · 2026-05-14 · 119th Congress
The House Oversight Subcommittee on Federal Law Enforcement held this hearing to examine ATF's record of complying with the Tiahrt Amendment, which restricts disclosure of federal firearms trace data outside law enforcement investigations, and to hear from newly confirmed ATF Director Robert Cekada on recent regulatory reforms and privacy protections. Begins at 0:04:09
Transcript
Highlights

Title

ATF's compliance with the Tiahrt Amendment on firearms trace data privacy

Purpose

The House Oversight Subcommittee on Federal Law Enforcement held this hearing to examine ATF's record of complying with the Tiahrt Amendment, which restricts disclosure of federal firearms trace data outside law enforcement investigations, and to hear from newly confirmed ATF Director Robert Cekada on recent regulatory reforms and privacy protections. Members also questioned the director about ATF's deregulatory rulemaking package, immigration-enforcement staffing, and gun-violence policy more broadly. Begins at0:04:09

Who spoke

Chairman Clay Higgins (R-LA)0:04:09: Opened by describing repeated ATF violations of the Tiahrt Amendment, including a Biden-era release of trace data used to map gun shops0:07:32 and an inadvertent disclosure to Gun Owners of America followed by a DOJ re-release0:08:51; later pressed Director Cekada on whether standalone Tiahrt legislation would help stabilize ATF culture0:28:54 and entered several oversight letters into the record0:30:46.

Rep. Summer Lee (D-PA), Ranking Member0:11:47: Argued the hearing should focus on reducing gun violence rather than dealer privacy, citing 38,368 gun-violence incidents and 13,926 deaths last year per Everytown0:12:29 and recent Louisiana mass shootings0:12:51; later grilled Cekada on whether industry groups, victims, or violence-prevention organizations were consulted on the 34 proposed rules (none were)0:34:59.

Director Robert Cekada, ATF0:19:39: Testified ATF has arrested over 8,700 people and seized nearly 44,000 illegal firearms since January 20250:20:32, cut NFA e-form processing from 230 to 12 days0:20:59, and stated any trace-data sharing now requires explicit justification to his office0:23:49; throughout the hearing he attributed prior Tiahrt violations to inadvertent redaction failures under the previous administration0:27:29.

Rep. Paul Gosar (R-AZ)0:37:28: Described his GRIP Act (H.R. 7678) to block federal funds from state gun-owner databases, citing prior disclosures including a 2024 ATF release to USA Today and The Trace0:38:22; pressed Cekada on the out-of-business records database of over 550 million records0:39:09.

Rep. Robert Garcia / "Mr. Bell" (D)0:42:20: Argued most crime guns start as legal sales and criticized ATF's May 6, 2026 proposal to weaken the "engaged in the business" rule0:44:28, citing Missouri's 47% rise in firearm homicides after repealing its permit-to-purchase law0:45:25.

Rep. Scott Perry (R-PA)0:48:23: Asked about Cekada's working relationship with DOJ and the Attorney General0:48:49, and about accountability for the GOA gag order and alleged surveillance uses of trace data0:51:36.

Rep. Ayanna Pressley (D-MA)0:55:21: Described a shooting on Memorial Drive in Cambridge0:56:13 and pressed Cekada on ending the "zero tolerance" policy for dealers who willfully sell to prohibited persons0:57:05, displaying a photo of him with gun-lobby leaders at the rulemaking announcement0:59:18.

Rep. Andy Biggs (R-AZ)0:59:42: Asked about progress implementing rule changes including electronic record-keeping1:00:08 and about ATF efforts to stop southbound gun trafficking to Mexican cartels, citing 62% of guns recovered in the Sinaloa cartel war traced to Arizona1:05:29; Cekada described charging an FFL, "Grips by Larry," with material support to a terrorist organization1:07:39.

Rep. Maxwell Frost (D-FL)1:09:26: Questioned whether the 30-plus deregulatory proposals, announced the day of Cekada's swearing-in, were discussed during his promotion/confirmation process1:09:48, and whether he had worked on Biden-era rules1:14:17, entering a news article into the record1:34:00.

Rep. Michael Cloud (R-TX)1:16:41: Asked whether any employee was disciplined for the GOA leak (none were)1:17:36 and whether ATF purchases commercial location/ad-tech data (confirmed, unused for cases)1:19:58.

Rep. Yassamin Ansari (D-AZ)1:22:38: Disputed a Cato Institute report claiming 80% of ATF agents were reassigned to immigration enforcement, which Cekada called false, citing a current 42-agents-per-day figure1:25:47; requested written data on Phoenix Field Division immigration-enforcement hours1:26:43.

Rep. Eric Burlison (R-MO)1:27:38: Urged Cekada to act as a "watchdog" over the agency rather than a defender of past mistakes1:28:37, and raised unanswered constituent letters about a suppressor/short-barrel tax-stamp registration backlog1:32:34, to which Cekada cited 1,258,539 forms received and 1,149,192 processed1:33:31.

Rep. Eli Crane (R-AZ)1:34:00: Entered an article alleging declining gun-crime cases amid immigration reassignments1:34:00; questioned Cekada on the Second Amendment's meaning and history1:34:53, and raised the case of incarcerated veteran Patrick Tate Adamiak, which Cekada said ATF and DOJ are reviewing ahead of a June resentencing1:38:31.

Rep. Andrew Clyde (R-GA)1:39:51: Detailed his own firearms business being named in a 2024 Tiahrt-protected data release1:41:31, asked whether Tiahrt protects trace data from FOIA disclosure (Cekada said yes)1:41:58, and questioned the Demand Letter 2 program's public naming of FFLs1:43:26.

Rep. Lauren Boebert (R-CO)1:47:06: Asked how the proposed rules would benefit lawful gun owners, with Cekada citing the stabilizing-brace rule's vacatur in court1:47:50, and pressed on disciplinary accountability for prior Tiahrt violations1:49:14.

Rep. Brian Jack (R-GA)1:52:43: Asked whether ATF believes Tiahrt protects trace data from FOIA and Congress's intent behind it1:53:12; noted a Biden-era release naming over 1,300 firearm businesses1:56:24.

Key moments

Cekada confirmed the 2024 GOA release was an inadvertent redaction failure caused by understaffing and outdated software, and that ATF has since purchased new software to prevent recurrence0:27:291:50:04.

Rep. Gosar got Cekada to confirm the Tiahrt Amendment "was violated" regarding the GOA release, after initially resisting a direct yes/no answer0:41:26.

Lee established through questioning that ATF's tracing database is not a searchable national gun-owner registry and that no industry, victim, or gun-violence-prevention groups were consulted on the 34 proposed rules0:34:090:34:59.

Rep. Frost repeatedly pressed Cekada on whether the 30-plus deregulatory proposals were discussed during his promotion talks before confirmation; Cekada eventually confirmed "of course they were"1:12:54.

Cekada disputed a Cato Institute report claiming roughly 80% of ATF's ~2,500 agents were shifted to immigration enforcement, stating the agency peaked at about 75 agents per day and is currently at 421:25:47.

Biggs highlighted that 62% of U.S. guns traced in the Sinaloa cartel war originated in Arizona, and Cekada described charging the first case involving a "dirty FFL" ("Grips by Larry") with material support for a terrorist organization1:05:291:07:39.

Cekada disclosed that ATF recently purchased access to an ad-tech geolocation data system but has not yet used it in any criminal case pending internal policy guidelines1:20:23.

On the post-reconciliation suppressor tax-stamp rollout, Cekada reported 1,258,539 forms received and 1,149,192 processed as of the day before the hearing1:33:31.

Clyde noted his own firearms business was named in ATF's 2024 Tiahrt-protected data release, and Cekada confirmed ATF believes Tiahrt shields trace data from FOIA disclosure1:41:311:41:58.

Cekada said an agent implicated in a leak during the Charlie Kirk case is being recommended for termination, contrasting it with the earlier "inadvertent" GOA release1:42:58.

Metadata

CommitteeHouse Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Federal Law Enforcement
Chamber / CongressHouse · 119th Congress
Date2026-05-14
TypeHearing
Witnesses
The Honorable Robert Cekada — Director, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
Videoyoutube
Transcript268 caption blocks · 19,123 words · 2:01:17 runtime
EventCongress.gov 119277