An oversight hearing to examine Native American education, focusing on Federal programs at the U.S. Department of Education

Tribal Programs and FundingSenate Indian Affairs · April 2, 2025 · 119th Congress
The Senate Committee on Indian Affairs held this oversight hearing to examine Department of Education programs serving Native American, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian students — including Title VI Indian Education, Impact Aid, Title III tribal college funding, and Native language programs — and to assess how proposed executive branch efforts to dismantle or reorganize the Department could affect these federal trust obligations. Begins at ▶ 0:19:28
Transcript
Highlights

Title

Oversight of Native American education programs at the U.S. Department of Education

Purpose

The Senate Committee on Indian Affairs held this oversight hearing to examine Department of Education programs serving Native American, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian students — including Title VI Indian Education, Impact Aid, Title III tribal college funding, and Native language programs — and to assess how proposed executive branch efforts to dismantle or reorganize the Department could affect these federal trust obligations. Witnesses from a national Indian education association, a public school district, a Native Alaska education nonprofit, a federally impacted schools association, and a tribal college consortium testified on funding, staffing cuts, and consultation concerns. Chair Lisa Murkowski (R-AK) presided, with Vice Chairman Brian Schatz (D-HI) and other members later joining for questions. Begins at▶ 0:19:28

Who spoke

• Chair Lisa Murkowski (R-AK)▶ 0:19:28: Opened the hearing explaining that over 90% of Native students attend public schools funded via Department of Education programs like Title VI, Impact Aid, and Title III▶ 0:20:23; voiced concern that proposals to dismantle or reorganize the Department could harm Native students▶ 0:22:07; later questioned witnesses on reading score gaps and culture-based programs▶ 0:58:15 before yielding the gavel to vote▶ 1:05:14, and returned to press on state block-granting risks▶ 1:37:58.

• Mr. Dropik, Executive Director, National Indian Education Association▶ 0:24:57: Said federal trust and treaty obligations to Native students cannot be delegated to states▶ 0:26:00; recommended increasing BIE/Title I set-asides to 5%▶ 0:28:40; testified his organization did not ask for the Department's dismantlement▶ 1:08:56 and warned agency staff serving Native programs have been removed or placed on leave▶ 0:29:12.

• Sidna Yellowfish, Director of Indian Education, Edmond Public Schools▶ 0:30:42: Described Title VI serving 1,950 Indian students among 25,754 total students across 56 tribes in Edmond, Oklahoma▶ 0:31:58; described Title VI staff helping a displaced senior graduate on time▶ 0:34:14 and intervening in a beaded-cap graduation dispute▶ 0:34:36; opposed routing funds through states, citing risk to July 1 funding continuity▶ 1:40:46.

• Dr. Rosita Worl, President, Sealaska Heritage Institute▶ 0:36:00: Testified Alaska's fiscal crisis makes federal Native education funding especially critical▶ 0:36:53; requested a 2026 appropriation increase to $70 million for the Alaska Native Education Program▶ 0:40:28; described the Baby Raven Reads program raising reading scores 20 points in 2020 and Juneau Native literacy scores now exceeding non-Native scores as of September 2024▶ 1:03:10; opposed shifting programs to the state, citing a past lawsuit against Alaska over its constitutional education duty and its failure to secure CARES Act funds for only three Native regions▶ 1:43:29.

• Nicole Russell, Executive Director, National Association of Federally Impacted Schools▶ 0:41:15: Explained Impact Aid reimburses school districts for lost property tax revenue due to nontaxable federal/tribal land, supporting over 100,000 Native students [0:27:53 cite via testimony 0:41:53]; said Impact Aid has not been fully funded since 1969▶ 0:44:21; warned school districts are "three pay periods away from meeting payroll" due to delayed FY25 appropriations▶ 0:55:06; noted only 19 dedicated federal staff administer the complex program▶ 1:26:03.

• Ahniwake Rose, President and CEO, American Indian Higher Education Consortium (AIHEC)▶ 0:46:01: Described 34 accredited tribal colleges serving students from over 250 tribal nations▶ 0:46:32; said 75% of TCU students rely on Pell Grants▶ 0:57:12; warned moving Title III funds through state block grants would drastically cut faculty/staff and threaten accreditation▶ 0:49:52; supported Sen. Moran's Haskell legislation, calling a move to Interior "the wrong decision"▶ 1:33:09.

• Sen. Tina Smith (D-MN)▶ 0:51:07: Asked Russell about Impact Aid's efficiency amid delayed FY25 appropriations, noting local school boards' worries about being shortchanged▶ 0:53:13; entered testimony from NAFIS's Brent Gish into the record▶ 0:52:25; asked Rose about TCU staffing cutbacks, noting a roughly 25% staff loss followed by reinstatement▶ 0:56:08.

• Sen. Brian Schatz (D-HI), Vice Chairman▶ 1:05:41: Argued an executive order "is not a law" and cannot supersede statutes governing Native education▶ 1:07:02; asked each witness whether their organizations sought the Department's dismantling — all said no▶ 1:08:56; questioned Dropik on how Title I and IDEA funding "evens the playing field" for Native students▶ 1:11:50.

• Sen. Catherine Cortez Masto (D-NV)▶ 1:11:50: Asked Dropik how cutting Title I/IDEA funding could leave Native communities behind▶ 1:12:10; questioned Worl on the importance of reliable Native student data collection▶ 1:14:34; asked Yellowfish about barriers to addressing Native youth mental health and suicide rates▶ 1:16:14.

• Sen. Jerry Moran (R-KS)▶ 1:29:22: Described plans to introduce the Haskell University Improvement Act to separate Haskell from BIE control and create a tribal Board of Regents▶ 1:31:17; noted recent staff layoffs at Haskell were reversed▶ 1:34:28; asked panelists about the value of the legislation and tribal sovereignty implications▶ 1:32:41.

Key moments

• Murkowski noted more than 90% of Native students attend public schools rather than BIE schools, framing why Department of Education programs matter for the trust responsibility▶ 0:20:23.

• Dropik recommended raising the Title I/IDEA set-aside for BIE schools from current levels to 5% to reflect tribal administrative costs▶ 0:28:40.

• Worl requested a 2026 appropriation increase to $70 million for the Alaska Native Education Program and reported Juneau Native literacy scores now surpass non-Native scores▶ 0:40:28▶ 1:03:10.

• Russell disclosed a school district was "three pay periods away from meeting payroll" due to delayed Impact Aid funding under the FY25 continuing resolution, and that Impact Aid has not been fully funded since 1969▶ 0:55:06▶ 0:44:21.

• Schatz argued an executive order "does not supersede a statute" and asked all five witnesses whether they requested the Department's dismantling; all answered no▶ 1:07:34▶ 1:08:56.

• Rose warned that block-granting Title III funds through states would result in "drastic cuts to faculty and staff" and could jeopardize TCU accreditation▶ 0:50:19.

• Rose described a roughly 25% staff loss at two tribal colleges following an executive order, later reversed after mobilization by the TCU community▶ 0:56:08▶ 0:56:40.

• Sen. Moran announced plans to introduce the Haskell Improvement Act, granting Haskell a federal charter separate from BIE with governance by a tribal Board of Regents▶ 1:31:17.

• Worl testified Alaska secured funding for only three Native regions under the CARES Act despite state involvement, reinforcing opposition to routing federal funds through states▶ 1:43:01.

• Rose raised the concern that state-by-state program rollout could create up to 50 different consultation processes, complicating service for mobile students and multi-state tribal nations like the Navajo Nation▶ 1:44:04.

Metadata

CommitteeSenate Indian Affairs
Chamber / CongressSenate · 119th Congress
DateApril 2, 2025
TypeMeeting
Witnesses
(none listed in event metadata)
Videosenate-isvp
Transcript193 caption blocks · 11,379 words · 1:45:41 runtime
EventCongress.gov 336777