Hearings to examine registered apprenticeship, focusing on scaling the workforce for the future

AI in Education and WorkforceSenate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions · 2025-11-05 · 119th Congress
The Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee convened this hearing (November 5, 2025) to examine how to modernize and scale the registered apprenticeship model amid a projected shortage of 6 million workers over the next decade [0:16:54]. Begins at 0:16:46
Transcript
Highlights

Title

Scaling registered apprenticeships to meet the U.S. workforce shortage

Purpose

The Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee convened this hearing (November 5, 2025) to examine how to modernize and scale the registered apprenticeship model amid a projected shortage of 6 million workers over the next decade0:16:46. Chair Cassidy framed apprenticeships as a bipartisan, pro-worker, pro-business tool, citing an $80,000 average starting salary0:18:09, while witnesses from education, manufacturing, and building-trades unions discussed regulatory burdens, funding uncertainty, and workforce pipelines. Several Democratic members used the hearing to press witnesses on the impact of Trump administration project cancellations and Medicaid cuts on apprentices and union jobs. Begins at0:16:46

Who spoke

Chair Bill Cassidy (R-LA)0:16:46: Opened by describing the 6-million-worker shortage and touted apprentices' $80,000 starting salaries0:18:09; later pressed witnesses on interoperability of state standards0:26:51 and entered letters into the record before adjourning2:01:45.

Mr. Josh Laney, VP, National Project on Apprenticeship Standards0:21:08: A former director of the Alabama Office of Apprenticeship, he said Alabama built the first statewide apprenticeship mastership model and grew female participation from 6% to over 20%0:21:29; called for moving to a fully state-led oversight system, formula funding akin to Perkins, and replacing "reciprocity" with "interoperability" between states0:24:140:25:11; on nursing, said Alabama's employer-driven nurse-apprentice license clarified scope of practice and uses a "last dollar" scholarship so apprentices incur no debt0:50:560:52:09.

Dr. Latitia McCane, Director of Education, Apprentice School at Newport News Shipbuilding0:27:48: Said HII spends over $100 million annually on workforce development and her school receives about 3,000 applications for 250 slots0:28:110:29:12; noted 52% of students enter at age 18 and graduates earn about $80,0000:30:12; said students must bring parents to enroll and the program brings guidance counselors to campus1:19:07; testified the current DOL occupation-code system is too restrictive for evolving jobs1:28:05.

Mr. Gardner Carrick, Chief Program Officer, Manufacturing Institute0:34:17: Described a network of nearly 500 companies across 43 sites with 83% on-time completion and 95% full-time employment0:35:15; said only about 15% of participants are in registered apprenticeships because employers see the model as compliance-heavy "non-value added work"0:37:01; cited North Carolina's incentives as a model where the cost-benefit balance favors registration0:54:34; called accreditation rules requiring formal degrees a barrier to using experienced industry instructors1:53:58.

Mr. John Downey, General President, International Union of Operating Engineers0:39:34: Said the union invests $180 million a year in training across more than 80 registered apprenticeship programs and runs a $200 million training center outside Houston0:40:010:40:25; said clean-energy project cancellations tied to Inflation Reduction Act labor standards directly hit members' wages0:57:30; said offshore wind credentialing investment has "come to a screeching halt" with no certainty on future work1:58:37.

Mr. Brent Booker, General President, Laborers' International Union of North America (LIUNA)0:45:10: Said the union represents 530,000 workers and building trades add roughly 73,000 new apprentices a year while investing over $2 billion in training0:46:080:46:36; repeatedly cited "chaos and uncertainty" from cancellation of projects like Gateway and $24 billion in DOE energy projects0:47:47; said he was unaware of any confirmation the White House took asbestos-safety precautions during East Wing demolition1:59:36.

Sen. Tommy Tuberville (R-AL)0:50:20: Asked Laney why Alabama's nursing apprenticeship model is uniquely successful0:50:56 and asked Carrick why employers often choose not to register programs0:53:39.

Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-VT), Ranking Member0:32:47: Said Vermont lacks skilled workers for infrastructure rebuilding despite billions in funding0:32:47; questioned Carrick on robotics/AI displacing manufacturing workers0:55:30 and pressed Downey and Booker on job losses from roughly $7.5 billion in canceled clean-energy projects0:57:08; sparred with Cassidy over Medicaid cuts' effect on nursing homes0:58:561:00:58.

Sen. Roger Marshall (R-KS)1:01:15: Highlighted Kansas community colleges as apprenticeship "group sponsors" and cited a Southeast Kansas College welder earning $100,000 out of high school1:01:421:06:01; noted the "big beautiful bill" added Perkins funding flexibility1:03:38.

Sen. Tammy Baldwin (D-WI)1:06:41: Noted Wisconsin passed the first U.S. apprenticeship law in 19111:06:41 and leads a bipartisan bill to modernize the 1937 national apprenticeship law1:07:12; said Milwaukee lost $34 million and 450 jobs after Republicans rescinded a streetscape grant1:08:37; asked about DOL's proposal to eliminate Equal Employment Opportunity requirements for apprenticeship sponsors1:10:54.

Sen. Jon Husted (R-OH)1:12:31: Noted Ohio has the third-most apprenticeships nationally (26,000+)1:12:31 and touted Ohio's teacher-apprenticeship pathway and Workforce Pell1:12:561:13:56; asked Downey and Booker about high-tech equipment training and crediting prior experience1:14:261:16:00.

Sen. Tim Kaine (D-VA)1:17:53: Said his father was an ironworker who ran an apprenticeship shop1:17:53; asked McCane how she engages guidance counselors and parents1:18:51; pressed Downey and Booker on extending the 2021 Bipartisan Infrastructure Law's $550 billion in funding set to expire November 20261:20:281:20:58.

Sen. Andy Kim (D-NJ)1:29:08: Focused on calibrating apprentice pipelines to job availability, citing uncertainty around the Gateway Tunnel project affecting New Jersey workers1:30:331:30:53.

Sen. Lisa Murkowski (R-AK)1:34:29: Asked witnesses about wraparound service gaps (childcare, housing) limiting apprenticeship completion in rural Alaska1:35:21; asked how workers can be trained flexibly across oil/gas and renewable energy1:38:54; noted LIUNA's joint training facility in Fairbanks1:39:30.

Sen. Lisa Blunt Rochester (D-DE)1:40:57: Said her grandparents were steelworkers who reached the middle class through such jobs1:41:23; asked whether skilled trade jobs are resilient to AI, citing Amazon's layoff of 14,000 workers1:43:02; asked McCane about needed shipbuilding skill sets1:44:43 and Booker about lessons for emerging apprenticeship fields like community health workers1:45:30.

Sen. John Hickenlooper (D-CO)1:46:36: Cited $679 million in canceled Transportation Department port-upgrade funding for offshore wind and rescinded permits1:46:36; noted the average apprentice's age nationally is 30 and asked McCane how she recruits high schoolers1:49:15; asked Downey and Booker about federal support for pre-apprenticeship programs1:50:33.

Sen. Jim Banks (R-IN)1:52:06: Cited 25,000 Indiana apprentices earning an average $70,000 (versus $40,000 for associate-degree holders)1:52:30; pressed Carrick on regulatory burden and instructor-accreditation reform1:52:541:55:07.

Sen. Ed Markey (D-MA)1:55:47: Said Trump administration actions axed roughly $8.6 billion and 17,000 clean-energy jobs in Massachusetts and 158,000 nationally in nine months1:56:131:57:07; questioned Booker on whether White House East Wing demolition followed asbestos-safety protocols1:59:031:59:20.

Key moments

Cassidy said apprentices earn a starting salary of $80,000 per year per the Department of Labor, calling apprenticeships bipartisan and "pro-worker, pro-business and profamily"0:18:09.

Carrick disclosed that across the Manufacturing Institute's network of nearly 500 companies, only about 15% of apprentices are formally registered because most employers see registration as "non-value added work" burdened by compliance requirements0:37:01.

Booker stated North America's building trades add roughly 73,000 new apprentices a year and invest over $2 billion in training, second in scale only to the U.S. military0:46:36.

Booker cited cancellation of the Gateway rail project and $24 billion in Department of Energy projects, plus completed hydrogen hubs in Pennsylvania, as examples of "chaos" undermining workforce planning0:47:47.

Sanders and Cassidy directly disagreed on the record over whether the "One Big Beautiful Bill" harmed nursing homes, with Cassidy saying it "did not affect nursing homes" and Sanders countering it "devastated nursing homes"1:00:391:00:471:00:58.

Downey testified his union submitted comments to the Biden DOL arguing curriculum design should be left to plan sponsors, not federal regulators, because contractors are "in that business"1:23:451:24:53.

Baldwin said Milwaukee lost $34 million in funding and 450 jobs after Republicans voted to rescind a streetscape improvement grant1:08:37.

Markey cited a loss of 158,000 clean-energy jobs nationwide in nine months, including $8.6 billion and nearly 17,000 jobs in Massachusetts, and pressed Booker on whether the White House followed asbestos-safety protocols during East Wing demolition; Booker said he was "not aware" of any such precautions and noted a nonunion workforce was used1:57:071:59:031:59:36.

McCane said the Apprentice School receives about 3,000 applications for 250 positions and that current DOL occupation codes are too restrictive for small businesses and evolving jobs0:29:121:28:05.

Marshall highlighted a Southeast Kansas Community College welding graduate who started at $100,000 a year on an oil pipeline project1:06:01.

Metadata

CommitteeSenate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions
Chamber / CongressSenate · 119th Congress
Date2025-11-05
TypeMeeting
Witnesses
(none listed in event metadata)
Videosenate-isvp
Transcript322 caption blocks · 15,363 words · 2:02:24 runtime
EventCongress.gov 337603