AISenate Indian Affairs Business Meeting and Legislative Hearing on Tribal Land and Leasing Bills

Public Lands and Energy MarkupsSenate Indian Affairs · December 17, 2025 · 119th Congress
The Senate Committee on Indian Affairs held a brief business meeting to advance S.3383, the Unlocking Native Lands and Opportunities for Commerce and Key Economic Developments Act, before immediately convening a legislative hearing on four additional bills: S.236 (99-year leasing authority for the Mashpee Wampanoag and Aquinnah Wampanoag tribes), S.1508 (Utah state court jurisdiction for the Shivwits Band of Paiutes), S.1513 (land-into-trust transfer for the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe), and S.2735 (land-into-trust transfer for the Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians). Begins at ▶ 0:39:55
Transcript
Highlights

Title

Senate Indian Affairs Business Meeting and Legislative Hearing on Tribal Land and Leasing Bills

Purpose

The Senate Committee on Indian Affairs held a brief business meeting to advance S.3383, the Unlocking Native Lands and Opportunities for Commerce and Key Economic Developments Act, before immediately convening a legislative hearing on four additional bills: S.236 (99-year leasing authority for the Mashpee Wampanoag and Aquinnah Wampanoag tribes), S.1508 (Utah state court jurisdiction for the Shivwits Band of Paiutes), S.1513 (land-into-trust transfer for the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe), and S.2735 (land-into-trust transfer for the Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians). Tribal chairs and a Bureau of Indian Affairs official testified on economic development, housing, and jurisdictional barriers facing their communities. Begins at▶ 0:39:55

Who spoke

• Chair Lisa Murkowski (R-AK)▶ 0:39:55: Opened the business meeting, explained S.3383 would extend 99-year leasing authority to all tribes and streamline BIA right-of-way approvals modeled on the HEARTH Act▶ 0:40:49; later chaired the legislative hearing, introduced witnesses▶ 0:45:31, and questioned Trina Locke on BIA's land-into-trust backlog▶ 1:16:50.

• Vice Chairman Brian Schatz (D-HI)▶ 0:41:16: Waived his opening statement in the interest of time, inserting it into the record.

• Sen. Maria Cantwell (D-WA)▶ 0:46:47: Introduced Chairwoman Francis Charles and detailed S.1513's transfer of over 1,000 acres of Elwha River land to the tribe▶ 0:47:37; recounted a 3,000-year-old ancestral burial site discovered during a Washington DOT project that led officials to vacate the site to the tribe▶ 0:49:24.

• Trina Locke, Director of Environmental and Natural Resources, BIA▶ 0:50:33: Testified the Department supports S.1508, S.1513, and S.236 but takes no position on S.1508's Utah state-court jurisdiction provisions▶ 0:52:00; in Q&A, stated there are 862 pending land-into-trust cases and average processing time has fallen from 1,000 to 650 days▶ 1:17:26.

• Brian Weeden, Chairman, Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe▶ 0:53:51: Said the tribe became landless for generations and only recently reestablished a modest reservation▶ 0:55:15; argued current 45-year lease terms don't attract capital investment and S.236 would allow up to 99-year leases like roughly 60 other tribes already have▶ 0:56:43.

• Tina Gonzalez, Chairwoman, Shivwits Band of Paiutes▶ 0:58:41: Described the tribe's reservation, now about 28,000 acres in southwestern Utah▶ 1:00:53, and said S.1508 would let the band waive sovereign immunity to allow Utah state-court jurisdiction over civil disputes, removing a barrier to development financing▶ 1:02:46; was asked by the chair to wrap up before finishing her statement▶ 1:05:04.

• Francis Charles, Chairwoman, Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe▶ 1:05:34: Said the 1913 Elwha Dam blocked 95% of the river and destroyed salmon runs▶ 1:06:55, and that the final dam was removed in 2014; S.1513 would return roughly 1,000 acres including the tribe's creation site, and the House already passed the bill▶ 1:09:49.

• Regina Cuellar, Chairwoman, Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians▶ 1:10:43: Said the tribe has 198 families on a housing waitlist and built only 20 new homes in the past year▶ 1:13:12; said S.2735 would place about 85 acres of BLM land and the tribe-owned 188-acre Indian Creek property into trust for housing▶ 1:13:32.

Key moments

• The committee approved S.3383 by voice vote with little debate before moving to the legislative hearing▶ 0:41:36.

• Locke testified the Department of the Interior supports S.1508, S.1513, and S.236 but takes no position on the Utah jurisdiction provisions of S.1508▶ 0:52:00▶ 0:52:21.

• Weeden said the Mashpee Wampanoag "greeted the pilgrims for the first Thanksgiving in 1621" yet became landless, and that shorter 45-year leases don't provide the stability needed to attract capital investment▶ 0:54:47▶ 0:56:43.

• Gonzalez explained that without S.1508, neither federal nor state courts currently have clear jurisdiction over civil disputes on Shivwits land even if the band wants to waive immunity▶ 1:03:42▶ 1:04:13.

• Charles said the Elwha Dam, built in 1913 "no one told us and no one asked us," blocked 95% of the river; the tribe's creation site was submerged for over 100 years and would be restored under S.1513▶ 1:06:55▶ 1:09:20.

• Cuellar detailed how a 1960s BIA-approved highway project through a neighboring tribe's land left Shingle Springs landlocked for decades, worsening today's housing shortage of 198 waitlisted families▶ 1:12:12▶ 1:13:12.

• In Q&A, Murkowski pressed Locke on whether the 862-case land-into-trust backlog reflects inadequate BIA resourcing, noting her own dual role chairing the Interior Appropriations subcommittee▶ 1:19:33.

• Cantwell described a Washington DOT project halted after discovery of a 3,000-year-old ancestral community on Lower Elwha burial grounds, calling it "incredible leadership" by the tribe▶ 0:49:24▶ 0:49:42.

• Locke said the updated land-into-trust review process reduced average processing time from 1,000 days to 650 days, which Murkowski acknowledged as progress while noting the goal has not been reached▶ 1:17:58▶ 1:18:13.

• Gonzalez was cut off mid-testimony by the chair due to time constraints from a pending floor vote, later voicing brief support for S.236 before yielding▶ 1:05:04▶ 1:05:13.

Metadata

Official titleBusiness meeting to consider S.3383, to amend the Act of August 9, 1955, to make improvements to that Act; to be immediately followed by hearings to examine S.236, to amend the Act of August 9, 1955 (commonly known as the "Long-Term Leasing Act"), to authorize leases of up to 99 years for land in the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe Reservation and land held in trust for the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah), S.1508, to confer jurisdiction on the State of Utah with respect to civil causes of action arising on or within the Indian lands of the Shivwits Band of Paiutes, S.1513, to take certain Federal land in the State of Washington into trust for the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, S.2735, to take certain Federal land in the State of California into trust for the benefit of the Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians.
CommitteeSenate Indian Affairs
Chamber / CongressSenate · 119th Congress
DateDecember 17, 2025
TypeMeeting
Witnesses
(none listed in event metadata)
Videosenate-isvp
Transcript104 caption blocks · 5,836 words · 1:25:55 runtime
EventCongress.gov 337773