AINuclear weapons modernization and Defense Authorization request for FY2027

Defense Posture and Global ThreatsSenate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces · 2026-04-20 · 119th Congress
The Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces held this hearing to review the Department of Energy's atomic energy defense activities and the Department of Defense's nuclear weapons programs as part of the Fiscal Year 2027 Defense Authorization Request and Future Years Defense Program. Begins at 0:19:17
Transcript
Highlights

Title

Nuclear weapons modernization and Defense Authorization request for FY2027

Purpose

The Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces held this hearing to review the Department of Energy's atomic energy defense activities and the Department of Defense's nuclear weapons programs as part of the Fiscal Year 2027 Defense Authorization Request and Future Years Defense Program. Two panels testified: NNSA, DOE Environmental Management, and Naval Nuclear Propulsion officials on the first panel, followed by Pentagon and service nuclear program leaders on the second, covering warhead modernization, environmental cleanup, and the ICBM, submarine, and bomber legs of the triad. Begins at0:19:17

Who spoke

Chair Deb Fischer (R-NE)0:19:17: Opened by describing the challenge of simultaneously deterring two nuclear peers, Russia and China0:19:17, and pressed witnesses throughout on weapons-activities funding increases0:35:33, pit production timelines0:39:32, the Enterprise Blueprint tool0:51:55, and Sentinel/Trident/B-21 program status1:17:421:29:261:31:02.

Sen. Angus King (D-ME), Ranking Member0:21:56: Noted this is Vice Adm. Wolfe's last appearance after 8 years leading SSP0:22:24; asked about NNSA presence in Islamabad advising Iran nuclear negotiators0:42:01 and later demanded a same-week answer0:53:52; pressed on the $3.1 billion NNSA reconciliation spend plan still outstanding0:42:39; questioned Adm. Houston on submarine fuel production restart0:46:06 and Gen. White on the Savannah River plutonium facility's 2035 timeline0:55:29; closed by framing the budget deficit as a national security issue and the triad modernization as a "pig in the python"1:36:32.

Dr. David Beck, NNSA0:25:24: Said NNSA is running seven concurrent modernization efforts with two recently completed first production units0:36:01; stated the legal pit-production requirement is 80 pits/year by 2030, with a goal of 100 collectively by December 2028, currently producing 30–50/year0:41:07; said he did not know whether NNSA personnel were in Islamabad and would follow up0:42:29.

Sec. Timothy Walsh (Mr. Wass), DOE Environmental Management0:29:20: Described a $1 billion, 25-year vitrification plant now starting operations, expected to reach full capacity within another year0:44:02; said cleanup is complete at 92 sites with 14 remaining0:31:54, and Savannah River's H Canyon restart will save taxpayers $350 million0:31:54.

Adm. William Houston, Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program0:33:15: Said current fuel supply will last under the current plan but that enrichment capability development must begin now to avoid a gap, calling the fuel situation serious but not immediately critical0:46:57; detailed AUKUS contributions of over $2 billion to the submarine industrial base, including $600 million to his program0:49:51.

Sec. Robert Kadlec, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear Deterrence0:59:56: Called the simultaneous two-peer threat "not a hypothetical future problem" but "a now crisis"1:00:24; said NC3 is effectively "the first leg of the triad" and now falls under his consolidated oversight1:20:28; confirmed extended deterrence/nuclear umbrella commitments to allies remain unchanged despite omission from the unclassified National Defense Strategy1:26:09.

Gen. Dale White, Director, Critical Major Weapon Systems1:03:13: Outlined his office's oversight of Sentinel, Minuteman III, and B-21 with three "golden rules" of empowered execution1:04:42; said major acquisition decisions have been cut by 60–70% in time using a 23-person staff1:32:39; reported the Sentinel restructure is near-complete with Milestone B this year and first pad launch targeted for 20271:28:02.

Gen. Stephen Davis, Air Force Global Strike Command1:08:39: Said the command conducted over 150 bomber sorties in the past year, including 48 round-trip missions from the US lasting up to 40 hours, across operations including Midnight Hammer and Epic Fury1:10:01; said the SAOC (replacement aircraft) program is past Milestone B with four EMD aircraft being converted, on track for early 2030s delivery to Omaha1:31:11.

Vice Adm. Johnny Wolfe, Director, Navy Strategic Systems Programs1:13:12: Noted this is his final appearance after 8 years as director and 38 years of naval service1:16:45; confirmed the Navy is on track to meet the FY26 NDAA's 2032 sea-launched cruise missile-nuclear limited operational capability deadline1:18:08; confirmed the Trident life-extension program remains on track for 2039 deployment, with industrial base capacity as the biggest risk1:30:33.

Key moments

Beck stated the legal requirement is 80 plutonium pits/year by 2030, with a goal of 100 collectively by December 2028, while current production is only 30-50/year — King called the Savannah River plutonium facility's 2035 completion date too slow, invoking Eisenhower's 11-month retaking of Europe as a contrast0:41:070:55:290:55:35.

King pressed Beck on whether NNSA/national lab personnel are advising negotiators in Islamabad on Iran's nuclear program; Beck did not know and was given 24 hours (later tightened to close of business the next day) to respond0:42:010:53:52.

King noted the $3.1 billion NNSA reconciliation funding from the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act" still lacks a delivered spend plan; Beck said the full plan should come within 30 days0:42:390:43:21.

Adm. Houston said the US has not produced submarine reactor fuel since 1992 and that enrichment capability development is "absolutely critical" to begin now, though the current supply timeline extends to the 2050s0:46:060:46:57.

Walsh said the Defense Waste Processing Facility vitrification plant took 25 years and $1 billion to reach startup, and Savannah River is now treating about 9 million gallons of tank waste per year0:44:020:44:35.

King asked Kadlec whether Under Secretary Colby is building a separate nuclear-policy office that would undercut Kadlec's consolidated authority ("one throat to choke"); Kadlec said he was unfamiliar with the rumor but works with Colby regularly [0:23:43-cont... , 1:23:43, 1:24:07].

King noted the unclassified National Defense Strategy did not mention extended deterrence or the nuclear umbrella at all; Kadlec reassured him the policy "hasn't changed one iota"1:25:571:26:36.

Gen. Davis said Global Strike Command flew over 150 bomber sorties in the past year, 48 of them round-trip from the US lasting up to 40 hours, supporting operations including Midnight Hammer and Epic Fury1:10:01.

Gen. White said his 23-person office has cut major acquisition decision timelines by 60-70%, and Sentinel's restructure and Milestone B review will complete in 2026 with first pad launch in 20271:32:391:28:02.

Wolfe, in his final appearance after 8 years as SSP director, confirmed the Trident life-extension and 2039 deployment timeline remain on track, citing industrial-base capacity as the top risk1:30:051:30:33.

Metadata

Official titleHearings to examine the Department of Energy's atomic energy defense activities and Department of Defense nuclear weapons programs in review of the Defense Authorization Request for Fiscal Year 2027 and the Future Years Defense Program.
CommitteeSenate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces
Chamber / CongressSenate · 119th Congress
Date2026-04-20
TypeMeeting
Witnesses
(none listed in event metadata)
Videosenate-isvp
Transcript238 caption blocks · 10,764 words · 1:39:24 runtime
EventCongress.gov 338161